Barriers to participation in adult learning Essay

Barriers to participation in vainglorious discipline - Essay ExampleIn acting on this need, the bounteous bookman will find that there are obstacles to going back to school, some of which will be anticipated, but others which will create a surprising result. While real life obstacles of a financial variety, including childcare issues and spousal resistance may come into conflict with ambitions, the unexpected feeling of being aged out and inappropriate to the social shot may have more impact than expected. The following(a) study is intended to critically evaluate the literary works in order to assess the problems that adult learners will face when going back to school. Through auxiliary research review, the project will provide contest for the nature of the phenomenon of the adult learner, thus creating a discussion on the identity issues that will result from the choice to go back to school after an absence in between which life has taken place. 1.1 Background The barriers that exist to adult learning can be defined by a great number of categories, through aspects of social classifications, medical classifications, and through aspects of cognitive development as it bushels age. Issues of class, race, gender and disability can contribute to problems that might arise as those issues in combination with generational gaps can create issues that many students will not have to address. The number of shipway in which an adult learner will be affected in a classroom prospect can equal the number of ways in which the adult learner diverts from the socialization of the common, age unique(predicate) learner in a university setting. According to Podsen (2002 18) there are four specific areas that will affect an adult learner Adults are self-directing and desire to be in charge of their learning, including the content time and effort. Adults preliminary life experiences play a key role in their learning activities, and they rely on these experiences as a res ource from which they can learn new things. Adults have distinctive learning styles, with their routines and strategies for processing randomness already established. Adults pass through various developmental stages, and this impacts the types and methods of learning in which they will engage. However, these advantages have their deprived counterparts, creating barriers that are designed through the social status of an adult over a young adult who is still within the framework of the support of a family. As an adult learner, the support system that is in place for most young adults will more than likely not be relevant to the adutl learner with more years of life experience. While learning will be easier under many gradation objectives, financial pressures, home life stressors, lack of parental support, and child care necessities will complicate the process. With a developed life experience portfolio lying underneath the experiences of an adult, the pressures that can distract for the efforts towards achievement provide a different framed experience in a learning institution than that of a young adult learner. Additionally, the social structure of a learning institution is constructed to support the socialization of young adults, thus release older students out of an important aspect of university life. Therefore, the pressures on an adult learner are far different than those of a young adult learner, creating a diverted atmosphere than the one that has been created by the university. 1.2 Research Questions The following research questions have been used to frame the discussion of adult learners in a

Unit 6 Seminar Public Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 6 Seminar Public Health - Essay ExampleIn addition, parapet protections have been a routine part of all health c be institutions in reducing the dispel of disease.Riegelman (2010) define immunization as the introduction of antibodies/vaccine to strengthen the immune system and to prevent or control diseases (102). Immunizations are essential to the protection of the public because it prevent infection from bacterial and viral diseases, furnish either short/long-term immunity, may utilely control outbreak, and can control 70-90% of substantial existence with infections from contagious viruses. On the other hand, a number of disadvantages were also noted, among of which are some diseases such as HIV/AIDS may not have effective vaccines, immunizations are rarely 100% effective particularly among the young and the old and can produce side effects such as hypersensitised reactions, live vaccines may cause injury to fetus or diseases to those with reduced immunity, and immuniza tions through inactivated vaccine may not produce long-term immunity and thus requires follow-up vaccines/boosters.Barrier protections also include isolation and quarantine. Isolation refers to the separation of the individuals with diseases from healthy population in order to prevent exposure (Riegelman, 2010, 102). Isolation and quarantine have the advantage of peremptory the spread of a number of infections and serve as the basic strategies for controlling communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. However, isolation and quarantine may possibly break confidentiality of contacts learning due to identification of individuals with diseases and follow-up of contacts. It may also lead to public recognition and social grime placed upon affected individuals.Barrier protections such as immunizations, isolation, and quarantine encompass treatment of those with disease and their contacts and are all essential comprehensive

Emails Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emails - Essay ExampleUse professional signatures, not elaborate ones. Signatures should contain sayation about yourself in relation to your position and surgical incision, and how you can be contacted (your cellular telephone number, extension number or direct line).Reply promptly and accordingly to messages that need a reply. This is to in fix the sender that you support read and understood the message he has sent. However, be cautious when replying. Do not use the reply-to-all button if the information you are send is for the sender only.Business e-mail addresses include the cry of our comp either. Your signatures contain the recognise of our company. Be careful in sending out e-mails to people outside of your department and our company since our e-mail address is connected to the reputation of our company. You carry the name of your department and our company when sending out e-mails. You carry our reputation through sent messages. And it is definitive that we protect our c ompanys name so that our business will go on according to our mission, vision and goal.E-mails are part of doing our business. It is important that each one of us uses it with care and responsibility since it shows a glimpse of the policies and the communication style we have in our company. This policy serves as a reminder for everyone using e-mails. I hope that this would be a start of creating a new and more professional way of writing, sending out and replying to our e-mails. If you have any questions or clarifications, please do not hesitate to send back a reply.Emphasizing the vastness of professionalism in using e-mails is the focal point of the policy. Since the e-mail is used as a major form of communication in companies, it is important to emphasize that it should be used with care. It is important to consider the reader and how he will react to an e-mail message by determining the appropriate language (Jerz & Bauer, 2008). Quality is

Denial of the Right to Rescind a Contract Based on he Finding of Essay - 1

Denial of the Right to Rescind a Contract Based on he Finding of Misrepresented Facts - Essay ExampleA misled party is normally allowed to rescind for excusable reasons, for example, a misrepresentation. Misrepresentation here refers to a false statement of fact made by superstar of the sheer partners to the other and in effect, it bring on the second party to enter into the contact. It, therefore, stands that the representee was cheated into it (Collins, 2004).The remedy to misrepresentations normally comes in terms of payment for damages or repay of money offered by the represented, the person who has been cheated. However, under some circumstances, a court cannot allow a party to rescind on the realization of misrepresented facts which induced them to enter into the contract. An example of business-law matter which can lead to denial of rescission is the realization of misrepresentation involving the sale of goods, after the lapse of reasonable time.Atiyah (1994) states tha t in business, a buyer accepts and receives goods in the performance of a contract. fit in to the contract law, a represented cannot be attached a chance to rescind from a contract if they discover a misrepresentation yet they do not take the necessary steps to bar such a contract within a reasonable time (Cartwright, 2007). The time limit is given to represent to make such steps normally varies from one type of misrepresentation to another. For example, if it is a dishonorable misrepresentation, the representee has until when the misrepresentation should have been discovered. internationalist galleries also claimed that the item (a painting) was truly a Constable (Leaf v International Galleries 1950 2 KB 86). In this case, the term of the contract was the painters name, that is, John Constable and a breach of this allowed the rejection of the painting.Leaf paid 85 for the item and after five years he wanted to auction it. To his surprise, he was told the item was not a consta ble as earlier stated by International Galleries. Leaf claimed a rescission of the contract so as to get a refund of his money but was denied.

What are the essential aspects of melodrama Essay

What are the essential aspects of melodrama - Essay ExampleMelodrama could be part of a play, a film, or a book. Today it is employed effectively in television serials also. It could take the form of a tragedy, a comedy, a romance or adventure. Melodrama has been used since the early nineteenth century.According to George Rowell, (1968), pp 450-451, who had reviewed the book The adult male of Melodrama by Frank Rahill, the account has the merits of a wide range and considerable detail. Manifestations of melodrama on both sides of the Atlantic are covered, and Rahills careful handling of the French form is notable. Melodrama was long dismissed by literary critics as good theatre but bad drama. Melodrama was more to do with quantity than quality, and appealed more to the shopping mall than the mind. One of the chief merits of melodrama was the vitality that it possessed.Films During the last forty years, Douglas Sirk and his family melodramas have achieved an almost legendary status in film studies. Sirks work has been critically acclaimed since the 1950s and he is universally defined as the incitive master of melodrama. Some of his works are Magnificent Obsession (1954), Written on the Wind (1957), and put on of Life (1959). He was dedicated to critiquing the bourgeoise. The sophisticated family melodramas of Sirk and others realized the genres historical capability to forge as a revolutionary form during times of cultural struggle. Sirk demonstrated how melodrama often considered a unimportant genre, could achieve the status of a serious artistic and cultural form. (Barbara Klinger, 1994, pp.xi-xii).The relationship between melodrama and the prevailing ideology, elaboration and history can be noted. Critics have continually interpreted individual films as responses to times of discipline and social crises from the moral dilemmas of post-revolutionary France to the class conflicts and forbidding sexual mores of the Victorian era,

Analyze the reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Analyze the reading - Essay ExampleHowever, as the natural uprightness demands that individually undivided respect each others space and choices, it is also the requirement of the law that the choice individuals mustiness be within acceptable limits that adhere to ethical and moral expectations. Given the application of the natural law, this psychoanalysis paper takes into consideration the theories of blind obedience, antislavery theory, moral truth, natural law ethical theory, and the double effect principle. sensation exclusion criterion in this paper involves the separation of ethical motive, morals, and religion. The analysis is philosophical and does not consider ethics and morals as part of religious expectations when considering natural law.In the target text, Second Treatise on G all overnment, the source is observed arguing that the fact that the natural law exists, it is not upon the duty of anyone to be authoritative over one another. Arguing from the creation stor y from the Holy Bible, the author points that God is the creator of all the humans and controls how humans relate and therefore it not under anyones responsibility that humans have to channel in a specific manner dictated by laws and authority.However, when considering the evolution of human ethics and morals, regime developments take into consideration the authors points that authorities include entities that have the authority and capability of arduous others if found on the wrong side of the law. Law in this case is not natural exclusively takes into consideration the natural law. Since natural law considers everyone equal and having the right to live without being disturbed, the civil law on the other hand aims at controlling how people or members of the society interact with each other as well as punishing those who take the natural laws rights trend others. With the possibility of imprisonment, execution, and hard labor it is the order of the authorities through constitu ted law to

Basketball Point Guard Training Program Research Paper

Basketball Point fortress readying Program - Research Paper Examplewhich they atomic number 18 able to perform different roundions entirely also must consider all those actions that are required to develop their performance on constant basis (Hatfield & Brody, n. d.).Conversely, consequence goals are mainly concerned with the end results that the athletes desire to achieve. It has been apparently observed that outcome goals are closely associated with process goals. The process goals are considered to be the paths that lead the athletes to achieve the positive outcomes (Hatfield & Brody, n. d.).The athletes should select the goals into such activities that can be easily achieved as short-term goals. The achievement of these goals will certainly dissemble the training programs interesting as well as boost the confidence of the athletes by a greater extent. On the other hand, long term goals rely upon the successful achievement of short-term goals. In this regard, mischance to achieve short term goals will ultimately lead towards collapse in accomplishing long-term goals (Hatfield & Brody, n. d.).Training is regarded to be important aspect for any athletes that sharpens and develops necessary qualities as well as skills in decree to render outstanding performances particularly in the sports arena. Athletes become more efficient and skillful only when they are provided with quality training program. In relation to basketball training program, it has been observed that it is quite difficult for a basketball team to succeed in any competition without a strong point agree. whatsoever basket ball teams greatly rely upon point observes for their success in the competition. Point guards often act as a catalyst between the teammates and their likely performances to attain success. The prime objective of point guard training program is to develop certain skills of the athletes like dribbling, outside shooting, conditioning, passing and faking skills for achie ving highest performance during the competitions (Special Olympics Nova Scotia, 2007).The point guard also called

Windows server 2008R Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Windows server 2008R - denomination ExampleThe ironware recommendations and specifications for windows server 2008 include, the mainframe computer must be a minimum of 1 gigahertz for processors with the rating of x86 and 1.4GHz for processors with the rating of x64. The recommended clock speed for the processor is 2 GHz which is the most ideal processor for optimum performance of the Windows Server 2008. For Itanium based governing bodys, for Windows Server 2008 to be installed properly, an intel Itanium 2 processor is required.Another hardware requirement for the inductive reasoning of Windows Server 2008 is a minimum memory of 512 Megabytes Random Access Memory (RAM). but the recommended memory value for installation is 2 Gigabytes RAM or greater. The maximum memory for a 32 bit system for a standard system is 4Gigabytes while for a Datacenter or an enterprise 64 Gigabytes would work perfectly. For a 64 bit system, the maximum memory for a standard system is 32 Gigabytes wh ile for a Datacenter or an Enterprise, 1 terabyte and 2 terabyte for an Itanium based system. (Mathews, 2008)Available magnetic phonograph record space is another hardware specification requirement for the installation of a Windows Server 2008 operating system. The minimum available disk space for installation should be 10 gigabytes while the recommended available disk space is 40 gigabytes. However, for computers with more than 16 gigabytes of Random Access Memory (RAM), they will require more disk space for the installation of a Windows Server 2008 operating system. This is for the purposes of paging, hibernation and dump files.The final hardware requirement for the installation of Windows Server 2008 operating system is the display and the peripherals. These include a super VGA (800 x 600) or higher(prenominal) resolution monitor, a keyboard and a Microsoft mouse (or any other) or compatible pointing devices. Windows Server 2008 operating system also requires a drive, i.e.

For an organisation; product; service or brand of your choice you are Essay

For an organisation product service or label of your choice you are required to answer the following three questions - Essay ExampleIt actively supports candidates who gulping public policies that are related to the brand and its products. The company has its own political action committee Kraftpac which makes worthful contributions to the US Federal and State political parties and candidates stock-still all corporate contributions are made as permitted by law (Kraft Foods Group, 2014).The economic downturn has also affected Kraft Food sales however it quickly launched strategies which back uped it to recover from this difficult situation. For instance, it came up with meal solutions through which consumers got make the most of their grocery dollars and foil flavor food at reasonable rates (Kraft Foods Inc., n.d. a).In 2013, the sales of its refrigerated meals, beverages, snack sappy and enhancers increased while the sale of its cheeses decreased slightly (Zacks Equity Researc h, 2014) however it did miss its target slightly.On social front, Kraft Food is quite active and gives priority to health, well-being and nutrition issues. It has earned a name for itself in fighting obesity on one hand and malnutrition and hunger on the early(a) (Siegert, 2013). It has emerged as a strong oppose of negative lifestyles and also been vocal about food quality and safety. Health maintenance, water purification and unaffordable nutrition are other factors it has been working on.During the anti-obesity drive, the company launched a polity not to target children below 6 years with its advertisements (Siegert, 2013). Better-for-you-products are advertised to children aged between 6 to 11 years. In school advertising has been eliminated and in Europe, the nutrition content is also mentioned on the packages to help consumers adopt a healthy lifestyle (Kraft Foods Inc., n.d. c). Kraft Foods has also lowered salt content and expound content from some of its products (Kraft Foods Inc., n.d. c).Innovation has always been the hallmark of Kraft Foods. It uses technology to its advantage and has come with

Liberation Movements for Minority Groups in the 1960s Article

Liberation Movements for Minority Groups in the 1960s - Article ExampleBlacks had long been accorded legion(predicate) rights during the Emancipation of Proclamation, but those rights were yet to be implemented in the practical sense (Foner 49). aft(prenominal) the succor World War, veteran soldiers of black origin and other like-minded favorable activists like Martin Luther King younger joined hands in a fight against oppression. Black civil rights movement continued by the 1950s and early 1960s, after which African Americans gained their constitutional rights to vote and own property.Women Liberation MovementAfter successful civil rights movement by the nonage blacks in the US, other groups were to build their basis on strategies apply by the African Americans in demanding other equal recognition. In this context, we will evaluate the libber liberation movement and establish the manner in which the black civil rights struggle influenced women in their feminist movement camp aigns. Prior to the 1960s, women in America enjoyed limited to no economic opportunities as compared to their male counterparts. Society operated with the philosophical system that women should remain at home taking care of children while men go to work. With respect to social aspects, women were branded symbols of sex and beauty. American society advocated for charm and physical attractiveness as the only qualities used to define womens worth (Weisner and William 34). With respect to political context, most women, especially from the black and other minority groups were not counted as eligible voters. They could neither participate in general elections nor vie for political positions.

An Observation Report Of A Tutor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An reflectivity Report Of A Tutor - Essay ExampleReading the class participation notes every(prenominal)owed the instructor to bunk a better understanding of how much was tacit by each student in the lesson and if all the students were listening to the lecture set of the class. This became an interesting portion of our English as a Second linguistic communication class. Reading the class participation notes allowed the teacher to get a better understanding of how much was understood by each student in the lesson and if all the students were listening to the lecture portion of the class. This became an interesting portion of our English as a Second Language class because the teacher allowed each student to publish his or her own story.The teaching techniques that the teacher used made the class very enjoyable since it promote the students to talk about what makes our individual experiences different and how our cultures vary from one another. The teacher made sure to coaxial c able the students into listening to one another by encouraging the students to make comments and statements about one another atomic number 18 shared stories.I noticed that the teacher paid particular attention to the way the classroom goals and objectives were achieved in the class. Ensuring that each student gave the proper amount of time and attention to the rudimentary English communication skills.The teacher always found the time to work one on one with the students to improve their basic skills such as grammar listening, writing, reading, and phonetics.

Managing Human Resource in Large Organisations Essay

Managing Human Resource in oversized Organisations - Essay ExampleThe researcher states that managing much(prenominal) large organizations as Boeing and Airbus with employee show ranging up to 18, 000 employees is a entangled endeavor. Due to the diversity of the organisation, many employees come from variant heathen and ethnic background and therefore make believe polar personal value, which must be respected. Construction industries such as Boeing and airbus involve assembly of millions of parts. This calls for a wide variety of expertise. Some whitethorn be low as pass awayshop attendants, cleaners, and drivers while others whitethorn be toweringly qualified personnel such as engineers, analysts, and quality inspectors. Each class create different needs, values, hierarchy of needs and issues to be addressed. This makes handling such a complex work base a difficult effort. Heavy construction industries require a very diverse pool of skills. This implies that the workfor ce will consist of old and experienced experts who have been in such industries for years. Such workers are of high value to any organisation. On the other hand, young, enthusiastic, and highly skilled workers are also required to tear new ideas, and introduce recent advancements in technology into the production process. Indeed, or so large manufacturing industries invest intemperately in developing young workforce. Most of the young generation are often employed in research facilities of such organizations. The needs, gratifications, and issues affecting these diverse groups are different and handling them increases the complexity of the human imagination management problem. ... Managing and handling issues from an international perspective demands a very wide dimensional approach. Teamwork in manufacturing organizations such as Boeing and Airbus is of utmost importance. At times, the companies have to organise up to 200 work teams, which must work in harmony towards achieving t he desired production goals. Organising such teams from a pool of varied professionals, different age, cultural and religious background presents a complex puzzle for human pick management. The gravity of the issue is change magnitude by the sensitivity of the manufacturing process, which demands a synchronised approach to work (Lam, 2009). Compensation of different workers presents one of the most complex problems for large manufacturing organizations. Different expertise demand different pay grades. However, similar expertise from different nationality may require different compensation in terms of remunerations and other work benefits. Minimising compensation expenses whilst addressing different hierarchical needs of every single employee is truly a complex task for human resource management. Despite the complexities, human resource has different methods of approach to ensure that all the staff members feel as part of the design and production process. First, human resource mu st understand the different patterns of personal values and gratification. Different employees must be treated differently depending on personal motivation factors. For instance, some workers may value achievement, affiliation, power, and responsibility while others may prefer promotion and growth. There are two elementary types of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic. Most of the employees will fall in either category and it is the role of human resource to

The Waco Crisis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

The Waco Crisis - Case Study ExampleThe objectives of the research argon to be able to access views of different groups on the issue as well as on the beliefs of David Koresh and his followers. The social context that deals with the logic of the government during that time specifically the fact that no individuals or presidencys surrender the intent for arsenal and harm of terror and destruction to the people, is also one of the main constraints in the culture undertaken and presented. In addition, the analysis of the research revolves around the conflicts of the different parties that are involved specifically the government, members of the religious organization of David Koresh and the different agencies of the government that are involved in the crisis.The event is composed of a siege on the 28th day of February in 1993. The said incident transpired due to the aim of the United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) to canvass the class Davidian ranch in Mount Carmel, Waco, Texas. The members of the group of the Davidians resisted the investigation. The authorities then found the need to tag with other modes of action. The even then escalated to an exchange of gunshots. The result of the exchange of gunshots left four dead agents and vi Davidians (Anthony & Robbins, 1997).The said event that was considered as the firs... From the prior event, the siege had been undertaken through April 19. The fire that concluded the attack killed sixty-six people and destroyed the compound. Included in the victims were 21 children and 2 pregnant women as well as the leader of the Davidian group Vernon Wayne Howell who is popularly known as David Koresh. The whole event is what had been known as the Waco siege (Anthony & Robbins, 1997). The Waco Crisis can be considered as one of the most important examples that can be sited in monetary value of conflict analysis. To be able to determine and analyze the situation it is important to consider different accent information related to the Waco city and the event.A. The History of the Davidians in the Waco CityThe main focus is related to the Branch Davidian Seventh Day Adventist Church which was led by David Koresh. The said group had been established in 1930 in Los Angeles, California which is a group that separated from the Seventh Day Adventist. The site located in the Waco City has been chosen due to the significance of Mount Carmel in the Bible. The main structure that housed the group is composed of a wooden edifice that functions for the different needs of the group such as administrative and storage (Anthony & Robbins, 1997 The capital of South Carolina Encyclopedia, 2004).The group is living in the neighborhood on the belief that the apocalypse is about to take shopping centre and for that matter they are getting themselves ready. Basically that time, those who had not establish a home in the area stayed on temporary shelters and even different forms of vehicles. The pr operties that the member owned are sold prior to the believed apocalypse.The backdrop of the Waco City can be considered essential in the determination of the events that had

Global Economic crisis and sub-Saharan Africa Essay

Global stinting crisis and sub-Saharan Africa - Essay ExampleThis drive of borrowing also impacted some of the banks and financial institutions in the Sub-Saharan realm as advantageously, moreover the extent was somewhat lesser. Arieff et al (2009) figure out that, in nearly two decades, it is for the first date that South Africa has started experiencing recessionary trends. The study also points out that, countries like Nigeria and Angola to have reported significant revenue shortfalls overdue to the fall in orbiculate oil prices.A recent study by IMF underlines the gravity of the land site by stating that, The current financial crisis is more global than any other period of financial excitation in the past 60 years (IMF, 2009). This study further quotes from the World Economic Outlook, 2009 that the global step-up is adjoin to further slow down from about 3.5 percent to just about 0.5 percent in 2009 with shades of some improvement by the middle of 2010. The Sub-Saharan region, also known as black Africa comprises of countries with legion(predicate) lesser developed nations like Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Rwanda, Somalia, Ghana and so forth While many like South Africa, Mauritius, Senegal, Nigeria, Kenya and so forth have been able to register indicative growth figures many other like Rwanda, Sierra Leone and so on have been experiencing difficulties on many fronts on account of civil wars as well. This is further eroding the general growth figures of the Sub-Saharan region. FDIs also prove to be advantageous for the economic growth potential of a country. But a number of factors impact the investment climate within the region. As is evident from the World Economic Forums Global Competitiveness Report 2009-10 while countries like Zimbabwe have registered some improvement in the investment climate, at that place are many other countries in the region which are yet to tide over the interior(prenominal) unrest (WEF, 2009). It is under such ci rcumstances that the overall economic situation in the Sub-Saharan region is a mix of conflictions. This study is therefore an effort to find out a larger photograph of the economic growth potential in the Sub-Saharan region and how the global economic crisis has impacted the growth potential in different countries within the region.Research Questions and ObjectivesThe main intention of the study is to develop an discernment of the diversities in the Sub-Saharan region, the years of neglect and under-development faced by the people of this region and to what extent the global economic crisis has further decelerated the economic growth prospects of the region. During the study an effort will be made to give way the general economic conditions of some of the countries in the sub-Saharan region and how these countries have progressed over the years in the post globalization period. A broader understanding will be made about the subject by soliciting the opinion and recommendations o f reputed organizations and analysts. An attempt would be made to seek answers to the following key objectivesEstablish a well studied relationship between the economic prospects of the Sub-Saharan region vis--vis some of the leading nations like the US, China, UK etc. To find out the development figures of the sub-Saharan r

Hypothetical population, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hypothetical population, - Essay ExampleIt must be kept in mind that such populations do not practically occur in nature because over a period of time, evolutionary factors affect the population in some way or the other.In the equation devoted above represents the relative frequency of the homozygous overabundants, gives the frequency of homozygous recessive while 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygotes. The frequency of the dominant and the recessive alleles may be calculated by square-rooting the homozygous dominant and recessive genotype frequencies. Therefore gives the dominant allelic frequency while gives the recessive allelic frequency.However, the equation make prisoner true for populations the comply with Hardy-Weinberg assumptions which means that in populations whose gene pool is disturbed by factors such as gene flow, genetic drift, mutations and in selectively bred populations, the equation will not be enough for comely estimation.In the given problem, it has been stated that 25 out of every 100 children are born with habituated earlobes. We already get by that attached earlobe phenotype is an expression of recessive homozygous genotype. Assuming that all assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg offset are met, we may apply the law to estimation allelic and genotypic frequencies of the given population. Let us assume that UU is the dominant homozygous gene, Ua is the heterozygous genotype while uu is the homozygous recessive gene. As given in the problem, uu causes attached earlobe phenotype while both UU and Uu cause unattached earlobes. In order to estimate the dominant and the recessive frequencies of the alleles we utilize Hardy Weinbergs equation directly since we do not know the exact number of heterozygotes. To estimate allelic frequency of attached earlobesUsing the values of the frequencies of both the dominant and the recessive alleles that we obtained we can also calculate the frequency of the heterozygous genotype since the e xact

The American people Essay Example for Free

The American citizenry EssayThe offensive had some initial successes for the Vietnamese because American intelligence failed to detect the build-up of enemy troops. One of the most famous events during this offensive was the infiltration of the American embassy in the southeast Vietnamese capital Saigon by a 15-man suicide squad, all of whom were easily killed. A reporter at the time in the embassy which was regarded as the safest put down in Vietnam saw this as it was misfortune and this crisis was viewed by millions around the globe. After confident predictions of an imminent victory umpteen Americans were shocked to see footage of communistic fighters in the grounds of the American embassy which created a credibility gap between the official message and what was seen accident on television. Famously Walter Cronkite, the most influential US anchorman said What the hell is going on? I thought we were winning this war. The introduction of drawing of new soldiers further i ncreased opposition, and many burnt their draft cards.Black and other minorities, who made up the largest proportion of the American army, did not indigence to fight for something that they dont have themselves, especially since many white people got out of the draft by going to college. Famously Muhammad Ali was prosecuted for refusing to be drafted and said, No Vietcong ever called me nigger. Also the shooting of Vietnam Veterans who were peacefully protesting outside Kent state only caused more unrest amongst the American people. Huge marches were taking place against the war, with a million people joining one in New York.Between 1960 and 1973 over 500,000 hands deserted from the armed forces and in 1967 Vietnam Veterans against the War was formed. Particularly significant in undermining support for the war at home was the growing realisation of the brutality of the war. US troops were trained to see the enemy as not human so that they felt able to kill them. The tactic of Sear ch and Destroy were mean to help find Communist guerrillas hiding in small towns, but often resulted in innocent civilians world attacked and having their houses and crops destroyed as collateral damage.The use of chemical defoliants was also very damaging as they were be later to be carcinogenic and Americas indiscriminate bombing seemed only to alienate the South Vietnamese rather than win other their Hearts and Minds. The most famous atrocity of the war was the butchering in the colonization of My Lai on March 1968. The company was told that a Vietcong battalion was hiding in the village and that any villagers found were definitely communist supporters. Despite finding no enemy fighters they destroyed the village and killed hundreds of its inhabitants.At first this massacre was kept secret and only on November 12th 1969 did the story surface in the American press after a reporter talked about the story to an officer on trial for this massacre. The reports of the massacre g reatly strengthened the anti-war movement in America. This shook many Americans view of themselves as the good guys and made them question whether America was fighting for a just cause. In addition the $66 million a day spent by 1968 meant that President Johnsons spending on a new Great Society was drastically cut, and income tax rose.$900 million worth of American equipment had been destroyed however they had only done $300 million worth of damage to the North Vietnamese economy. Also the personify of the troops in Vietnam amounted to about $20 to $30 billion a year. In 1967 Life cartridge calculated it cost $400,000 for each Vietcong guerrilla killed. The media was the most provideful reason for America losing the war and the accompaniment that it was uncensored meant that gruesome pictures were reported back in America which caused un-repairable damage to the war effort.This war showed definitively that if the people at home are not happy to fight, a country will never win. The power and danger of the media was shown with the recent Wikileaks scandal, showing that there is a need not to have everything out in the public. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of proceeding is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Vietnam 1954-1975 section.

Discuss the various ways which Robert Swindells presents life in The streets of London Essay Example for Free

Discuss the various way of lifes which Robert Swindells presents manner in The streets of London EssayIm invisible see? One of the invisible people. Link, a young person 16 year old boy from Bradford who is homeless(prenominal), desperate to escape his Brutish stepfather feels that he has become an invisible awaycast. some other mention to support this is when Link says, They dont like reminding I exist. Link says this to represent the lecturer that he is meritless uses this type of language to practise the lector more aware of how difficult it is to live on the streets of London. connect character in the book as well as emphasises a feeling of coldness. An exercise of this is raisen when link says, Also I kept seeing people I knew Neighbours. Guys Id even been at school with. I even power saw one of my teachers once. And if you have ever been caught begging by someone who you knew before, you backt possibly know how lower-ranking it makes you feel This as we ll makes the reader think that Link has a rattling lo self esteem and is very depressed. Another quotation to support this is when Link says, I was one of them now poised at the enlighten of that downward spiral. Kink says this making the reader understand how unstated it is to be living on the streets. protect, the less predominant character in the novel, who is trying to rid the streets of homeless people uses subject specific Lexis to show the reader that he has a background in the army or has worked for the army. This is shown to the reader as Shelter always starts his chapters with, Daily routine orders.Link uses sarcasm to emphasise a point, for sheath, Good old Vince. after Describing Vince as a Brutish, evil stepfather who is a boozer and a bastard, Link says, Good old Vince. The author, Robert Swindells uses this to raise an irony.At the beginning of page three Link mentions, Born March 20th 1977 to Mr Mrs X. Link says this to show the reader that he has forgotten th e past and wants to get on with life. The main quotation to support and emphasise this is, Mr Mrs X. Another statement to support this is when Link says, I strode out of the station with my backpack and bedroll, and it felt like a new beginning. This also shows the reader that link was positive life would improve from what it was with Vince. Another quotation to support this is Nobody knows you. Where youre from and whats gone before. Thats youre business. One other quotation to support this is when Link chooses the name to fleet to Ginger he says, Link I said. Id seen it on this signpost earlier. Thames Link. Its a railway.Robert Swindells also uses various techniques to make living on the streets look very hard and scary. The reader is informed of this when Link says, miserable is what it is, Sad and scary. Youre leaving a place you know and heading into the unknown with nothing to protect you. This also informs the reader that this novel appears to be tragedy in umteen respe cts.Link feels very depressed after applying for many jobs in London and not getting any because he was homeless and was looking rough and scruffy, also looking like a tramp because of sleeping in the same clothes on the unscathed concrete floor.When Link started living on the streets of London he thought he was a hard boy who everyone would be terrified of after hitting an old bloke but his hopes were soon speed after he was kicked out of his bedroom by the streetwise, tough person he wanted to be. An example of this is shown to us when Link mentions, this guy was what I was kidding myself Id become.Robert Swindells uses Shelters storyline as a very approximate way in which to present living on the streets of London. As Shelter goes around London looking for young and old people, whenever Shelter says, Hostel he always manages to get them to his house so that he can kill them. This shows the reader that homeless people are desperate for somewhere comfortable to sleep at. An exam ple of this is when Shelter gets his first client, That got him hostelhe fell for it hook line and sinker.On page twenty-one Shelter also says, I am not a murderer at all Im a Soldier out of uniform, killing for his country. After killing a homeless person shelter mentions to the reader that he is not a murderer but a soldier killing for his country. This statement is not true as Shelter has murdered people who have done nothing to him and his country. Shelter thinks he is doing a good thing and is particularly careful about every step he takes. The author, Robert Swindells uses this to create an irony.As the reader gets deeper and deeper into the book, they start to grasp knowledge of Shelters storyline and start to know the feeling of how it is to be homeless and the contrasting setbacks and failures it may have. The reader also learns not to stereotype homeless people.

Learning Natural Resources and Energy Essay Example for Free

Learning Natural Resources and vital force EssayA composition on the Ecosystem and on the Biodiversity ordinary Questions General General QuestionsWrite a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper on ingrained resources and capability. Include the following Choose a detail ecosystem, such as a forest, a grassland, or a marine or freshwater aquatic ecosystem. Identify and talk over the effects that a ripening human population may bewilder on that ecosystems resources, including handout or harm to populations of disorderly species. Discuss one management practice for sustainability and conservation of natural resources in that ecosystem. Identify the risks and benefits of extracting or using one reference of nonrenewable and one type of renewable energy resource from that ecosystem, or in areas near that ecosystem.Include at least dickens outside references. initialize your paper consistent with APA guidelines.You can have a ton of fun in college, but it besides involves a lot of d rill. Stay cogitate on the end result a diploma. There entrust be many roadblocks along the way, and how you opt to approach them is important. Use the tips you have seen here to make college work on your behalf.This pack of SCI 256 Week 3 Learning Natural Resources and Energy PapercontainsA Paper on the Ecosystem and on the BiodiversityGeneral Questions General General QuestionsWrite a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper on natural resources and energy. Include the following Choose a specific ecosystem, such as a forest, a grassland, or a marine or freshwater aquatic ecosystem. Identify and discuss the effects that a growing human population may have on that ecosystems resources, including loss or harm to populations of wild species. Discuss one management practice forTo download this tutorial follow the link https//bitly.com/1oJKyIeYou can have a ton of fun in college, but it also involves a lot of work. Stay focused on the end result a diploma. There will be many roadblocks along the way, and how you choose to approach them is important. Use the tips you have seen here to make college work on your behalf. General Questions General General QuestionsWrite a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper on natural resources and energy. Include the following Choose a specific ecosystem, such as a forest, a grassland, or a marine or freshwater aquatic ecosystem. Identify and discuss the effects that a growing human population may have on that ecosystems resources, including loss or harm to populations of wild species. Discuss one management practice for sustainability and conservation of natural resources in that ecosystem. Identify the risks and benefits of extracting or using one type of nonrenewable and one type of renewable energy resource from that ecosystem, or in areas near that ecosystem.Include at least two outside references.Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Cyber Bullying Essay Essay Example for Free

Cyber Bullying Essay EssayBullying. It is something everyvirtuoso has hear of, witnessed or experienced. When the word deterrence is heard, many an(prenominal) people think of the classic school kid macrocosm picked on at lunch, in a physical and/or verbal manner. Although verbal and physical bullying still occur, there is a form of bullying that has grown to be quite prominent, due to the Brobdingnagian use of technology in this generation. This form of bullying is known as cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is a purposely denigrating, aggressive, and repetitive form of bullying through the Internet and related technology. Cyber bullying is just as harmful as physical or verbal bullying, and should be withdrawn just as seriously. Cyber bullying negatively impacts children in many rooms. The most prominent motionuate of cyber bullying are the toll it back end take psychologically, and emotionally on the people snarly. These effects are exacerbated by the current populari ty of social media. The psychological effects of cyber bullying are obvious, and in some panache more severe than physical bullying. The psychological effect of cyber bullying can be more severe because there is a good deal no escape from ones tormentors. Unlike the typical bullying thats takes place at school or on the bus, cyber bullying follows students around 24/7.With technology like smartphones, the repetitive harassment is nearly impossible to escape. In many cases of cyber bullying, it come outs with one bully unless ends with many. The internet is open to everyone. Once something is out there, for example a picture, it can be sent to phones everywhere and is essentially on the Internet forever. With one click of a justton, education can instantly spread like wildfire. It is psychologically damaging to know that even if that picture, those words, that rumor, are deleted, it is neer actually gone. Although cyber bullying isnt necessarily as public as a punch at school would be, it can often be easily hidden by the victim. If there are no bruises or bumps, it is hard for any family or friend to see what the targeted person may be pathetic with inside. Fifty-two percent of cyberbully victims never tell anyone about what is going on. Isolation, is often where internalizing problems leads. Cyber bullying becomes a difference of opinion non tho with the bullies, but also a battle with oneself. Social media has become the main way of communication. some(prenominal) people crap at least one of these sites available to them Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Tumblr. It is no secret that there are bullies who target certain, or any people online.Thirty-percent of online striplings say they have been targets of menacing and/or mischievous online activities and 88 percent of online teens say they have witnessed individual being mean or cruel to someone else on a social network. Most bullies have the power online there is really no way to be stopped through a computer screen. Especially with the anonymous option, harassing the target can be the easiest thing to do, because the power the bully feels being unknown, and knowing there is little chance of any consequences. eighty percent of teens use their cell phones regularly making it the most common form of technology used. Many teens are willing to take the risk of being cyber bullied, not because they dont think it is serious, but because social media affects ones social status. In a world where almost every teen has some sort of social media, it can be hard to feel normal or involved if you dont have one too. As a result of most of this generation communicating online, cyber bullying has become more popular and dangerous. Much like physical bullying, cyber bullying has a coarse emotional burden.Being a victim of cyber bullying often leads to depression. Since in most cases, teenagers cannot escape the brutal harassment, it can lead to feeling hopeless and isolated. When hundreds of people, some you may or may not know, begin harassing you, it can feel like the entire world is against you. Being harassed constantly can easy eat away at the victim. Self esteem is what gets damaged most. Being degraded, made fun of, or accused of actions that never happened can lead to the victim eventually believing the rumors. Lastly, an emotional struggle triggered by cyber bullying is anxiety. It becomes a constant fear, every time you use your social media, you wonder what may be waiting for you. The worst part about cyber bullying is it follows you everywhere at home, at school, etc. term cyber bullying can affect a person at any time or place, it often comes to head at school. If there are rumors, or a private picture circulating for everyone at school to see, simply attending school can provoke anxiety. In many cases, victims of cyber bullying have such bad anxiety about facing schoolmates in this situation, that they stop going to school. It is time that we as as a s ociety treat cyber bullying just as we would physical bullying. It may not leave a scar or bruise visibly on ones body, but it leaves an emotional wound that may never completely heal. Cyber bullying can take place anytime, anywhere, and creates psychological and emotional burdens for the victim.Since technology is becoming more and more evident in this generation and will only become more prevelant in the future, this would be the time to act.

WiFi RealTime Location Tracking Systems Essay Example for Free

wireless local area network RealTime Location Tracking Systems EssayWrireless networks has affected large and small companies alike. term Radia Frequency Identification (RFID) marks based networks collect gained popularity over the years, there be also other tuner networks available that are being tested in order to provide same functionality and more. Wi-Fi and blue tooth are two of the examples of such networks. This short paper discusses the use of Wifi. Wi-Fi Networks WiFi generally comes under the umberalla of RFID. WiFi ID is in reality an active agent RFID constitution that uses the air communication standard 802. 11.There are also other active RFID systems that use standards other than 802. 11 and operate on different frequencies. One of the important aspect of this scenerio is to envision thje difference between the RFID tags and Wifi tags. RFID Tags vs. WiFi Tags In order to use passive RFID tags, you necessity to have reader after every few feets to read the tag. For active RFID tags a radio sensor require to be deployed that uses different technologies to sense the tags in order to determine the location of the tag. Antennas are also required. This style that you need to built an root word to deploy both types of systems.Like Best Buy is doing. When you are exploitation a WiFi based system that are aslo called Real Time Location Systems (RTLS), you only need to station up the WifFi network in the company and bear use any underlying engineering science in order to make it work. RFID tags can also be used here, but adavnatge is that you dont need to set up the RFID network infratsurcture that you needed to incorporate before. In RFID tags, for short range identfication, High frequency tag is used and for short range identification, active UHF tags are used that operate on 900 megahertz or 433 MHz.Both these type, as discussed require a complete insfrastructure to be built. However, WiFi operates on 2. 4 GHz. These 2. 4 GHz can be used in the network. For a company like BestBuy, choosing WiFi has an extra advantage that it give already have 802. 11 network infrastructures in place and this will save money for the company. The only things they need to buy are the WiFi tags. Applications The WiFi network infrastructure can provide many application to the companies like BestBuy and some of them include location-based network access, intelligent selective information management and wireless asset introduce.The WiFi tags can exactly point by the location of the tag. This can also mean that customer walking into the store can have the contents on his labor organizer according to the position where he is standing. Statistical reports can be generated n the basis of information of how more than time a customer spends at a particular location and what consequences this can have employ data mining techniques. Once the tagging has helped a customer locate items and a shopping list has been completed, the system can store this list for future reference to the particular customer.The underlying software can mug up a probable list of items for that particular customer. Another important application of WiFi tags can be theft prevention. For example, if a certain item is to be protected, the system will attach a fleur-de-lys to it whenever it is taken from the shelf and added to a cart. The system can then track the item until it reaches the check out line. If the item does not reach the check out line and leaves the store, it will be an indication of a theft and action can be taken against the customer. Therefore, the WiFi network can be industrious for security of valuable assets as well.Therefore, WiFi tags can be used beyond item tracking systems such as inventory control systems to easily manage large inventory. References ABI Research. (2006, October 23). Active RFID and Wi-Fi in the RTLS mart Asset Management for Automotive, Defense, Healthcare, and Transportation Vertical Markets. Ret rieved display 13, 2008 from http//www. abiresearch. com/products/ market_research/Active_RFID_and_Wi-Fi_in_the_RTLS_Market Garfinkel,S. Rosenberg, B. (2005) RFID Applications, Security, and Privacy, Addison Wesley Professional. Kowalke,M.(2006, October 23). RFID vs. WiFi for Hospital Inventory Tracking Systems. Retrieved March 13, 2008 from http//blog. tmcnet. com/ wireless-mobility/rfid-vs-wifi-for-hospital-inventory-tracking-systems. asp RFID Radio. (2007, July 17). Episode 005 Making Business Sense of Real Time Location Systems (RTLS). Retrieved March 13, 2008 from http//www. rfidradio. com/? p=12 Sullivan, L. (2005, October 17). InformationWeek. BEST BUYS SPIN ON RFID. Retrieved March 13, 2008 from http//www. informationweek. com/ story/showArticle. jhtml? articleID=172300921

Driving Force of Regionalism Essay Example for Free

Driving Force of regionalism moveTo what ex ext and in what ways give up the driving forces of neighbourhoodalism in southeast Asia variegated since the end of the Cold contend?Regionalism has become a trend in many regions of the world. Among them, Europe, North America and Asia (Asia peaceable region) be important ones. Some ob answerrs argue that the world society perk up been divided amongst these three regions with the existence of the European Union (EU), the North American Free trade Agreement (NFTA) and The Association of southerlyeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This different branch of the world requires comprehensive realization to make nose out of how they have developed throughout history. In particular, writing the history of Southeast Asia remains a challenge as it involves the under houseing of societies that often took rather different muckle of the past (and) a region where the implications of that historical tradition may have a political significan ce1. Clapham notes that it is even more challenging to analyse foreign policy making in Southeast Asia region2. The early 1970s was a significant period for the states in this region as it was during this sequence that five countries decided to join together and define their position in the Cold war between two superpowers and claimed their neutrality.The fact that ASEAN has come up with such a policy is interesting to look at as it gives not yet an insight of the driving forces of regionalism in Southeast Asia but also how these developing states saw themselves and formulate their foreign policy in the post-Cold warfare period. This writing aims to analyse ASEANs demeanor in order to access to what extent regionalism has changed since the end of Cold contend in Southeast Asia. In that, regionalism would be conceived as a state-led or states-led project designed to reorganize a particular regional space along defined economic and political lines3. The watchword is divided in to four parts.The first part discusses the useful theoretical insights of protective cover corporation to explain why ASEAN states cooperate in the midst of advanced aegis challenge in the region. The second part identifies the diplomacy of ASEAN during the post-Cold War period. Given the confine of this paper, the discussion specifically examines the event of the Spratly Islands and the creation of ARF. In the concluding section, achievements and purviews for ASEAN ordain be addressed. The central argument that this paper advance is that regionalism in Southeast Asia has changed and the changes have beendriven and constrained by the warranter condition during the post-Cold War era where a regional power vacuum is found.ASEAN emerged from the Cold War as a regional organization in 1967. With the accession of Cambodia, it seemed to be fulfilling the aspirations of its founding fathers to expand membership to include all ten Southeast Asian countries. However, with the end of C old War and the turn upment of Cambodian conflict, ASEAN is facing a recent challenge related to issues of credential and stability in the post-Cold War regional environment4. According to the Bangkok solving of 1967, the goal of ASEAN is to accelerate the economic growth, complaisant progress and cultural development in the region to resistance the political and economic stability of the region against big power rivalry and to serve as a forum for the resolution of intra-regional differences5. The formation of ASEAN should be seen as a means of maintaining peace and stability by providing a forum for the discussion and resolution of regional issues relating to security.There are indeed a itemise of incidents to show that security issue is the major concern of ASEAN such as the call for a partition of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN), the 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation and ASEANs role in the Cambodian conflict in the 1980s. However, with the end of Cold War, ASEA N faced a reinvigorated challenge to its goal when the security environment of South-east Asia was transformed by the change from the old bipolar Cold War security system to the new emerging multipolar system. The new power pattern in the region forced the ASEAN states to cooperate as they cognise the security could be in danger if they do not collaborate to improve the situation. This kind of behavior of the ASEAN states can be best explained by Deutschs discussion of security communities. This was especially evident in the study of regional integration and some scholars argued that the concept of security community provides the most useful mannikin to analyze ASEAN regionalism. According to Deutsch, a security community is a group that has become integrated and attended by formal or informal institutions or practices in order to assure peaceful change among members of a group over a long period of time6.Essentially, members within the community retain their emancipation and s overeignty. The two attributes of such a community are marked by the absence of war and form violence. To be more specific, asYalem notes, a regional security community is a group of states which have renounced the use of force as a means of resolving intra-regional conflicts7. Deutsch further adds that thither should be no contingency planning or war-oriented resource mobilization against other members within a security community. This could be acted as an indicator of whether states have developed dependable expectations of peaceful change8. Furthermore, whether a security community has been achieved can genuinely be tested operationally in terms of the absence or comportment of significant organized preparations for was or larger-scale violence among its members9. When applying the concept of security communities into the study of regionalism, it is important to make a distinction between security community and a security regime. Buzan defines security regime as a group of st ates cooperate to manage their disputes and avoid war by seeking to mute the security predicament both by their own actions and by their assumptions about the conduct of others10.Although this seems similar to the concept of security community, there is a major difference in that a security regime refers to a situation where the interests of the actors are both not wholly compatible and competitive. Thus, the resulting relationship is rather hostile and the use of force is hindered only by a balance of power11. In comparison, a security community is based on a fundamental, unambiguous and long-term convergence of interests among the actors regarding the avoidance of war12. In this context, ASEAN regionalism is more likely to be conceptualized as the process of building the security community rather than the latter. Although a security community seems to be constructed on the ground of interests and identities rather than the idea of common threat, recent literature sketched by Adl er and Barnett stress that a security community can actually be triggered by common threat such as cataclysmic events13.As Adler puts it, the concept of a community is the idea that actors can share values, norms, and symbols that provide a social identity, and engage in various interactions in myriad spheres that reflect long-term interests, diffuse reciprocity and trust, strikes fear14. Furthermore, Hurrell attempts to suggest a series of come neares to study contemporary regionalism. He notes that cooperative arrangements in regional cooperation could serve a number of purposes on the one hand, they can serve as a means of responding to out-of-door challenges and of coordinating regional positionsin internationalistic institutions or negotiating forums. On the other, they can be developed to dependable welfare gains, to promote common values or to work common problems arising from increased levels of regional interdependence. In the security field, for example, such cooperat ion can range from the stabilization of a regional balance of power, to the institutionalization of confidence-building measures, to the negotiation of a region-wide security regime.15The concept of security community can be applied to explain the creation and the behaviour of ASEAN. During the time of the Cold War, great power rivalries between the Soviet Union and the US in the region has turned Southeast Asia into a battleground with the regional states being used by the opponents with the attempt to bring forth blocs which support their positions or ideologies in the war. Simultaneously, many states in the region have been oppressed by foreign powers for centuries and not being treated as a respectable actor in the international agenda. confront with the analogous hardship, therefore, they came together and create a region free from external interference. However, with the end of Cold War, the security order in this region is characterized by new factors of conflict and ins tability and regional policy-makers have convey misgivings about the strategic uncertainties and conflict-creation potential of a post-Cold War order at the regional level16.Among the regional powers, china, Japan and India are generally being seen as the three leading contenders for influence17. For some, the involvement of US in the region as the balance of power is still desirable and the possibility of its withdrawal remains a major worry of the regions stability18. In fact, there are a number of undetermined tensions in the region and most of them revolve around chinas strategic ambitions such as its claims for the Spartly Islands. In responding to the new challenge, the ASEAN states have to re realize and adjust some of the assumptions and principles underlying ASEAN regionalism in order to have to regional security and order embedded in the 1992 Singapore resolving power. In order to examine in what ways the driving forces of regionalism in South-east Asia have changed s ince the end of the Cold War, it is essential to look at some case studies of ASEANs post-Cold War diplomacyChinas claims for the Spratly Islands and ASEANs response hardened in the South China Sea, the Spratly Islands consists of islets and reefs with suspected deposits of oil and gas19. The disputes involve China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. Many worried that the dispute will turn into a potential source of armed conflict involving ASEAN members particularly because the likelihood of any discernment on the joint development of the islands involving all the claimants, as proposed by some regional policy-makers and analysts, has limited plausibleness20. In view of this, other ASEAN members initiated efforts to address the security issue which was seen as a destabilizing force in the region in the post-Cold War period. Finally in 1989, it was Indonesia alone launched the South China Sea shop class (SCSW)21 to promote peaceful settlement of the dispute by emp hasizing the lessons of Cambodian conflict and the lessons from ASEAN regional cooperation. Although the shop has been extended to include China, Vietnam and Laos in 1991, there were no collective ASEAN position or action on the dispute.The irony lies on the fact that the Spratly seminars are a unilateral Indonesian initiative, resulting from diplomacy not by ASEAN or even a group within ASEAN but by one member artless22. The regional community sense was missing in this incident particularly because Malaysia and the Philippines feared that multilateral forum could decrease their negotiating ability thus making bilateral settlements impossible. As a result, they were not willing to support ASEAN to settle the dispute involving other member states23. This indicates their determination to uphold national autonomy and also their perspective to view ASEAN only as a confidence-building forum rather than a regional community24. Consequently in 1992, China passed a Law on the Territorial S ea and the Contiguous Zone of the Peoples body politic of China. The aim of this legislation is for China to formalize far-reaching claims in the South China Sea.The assertiveness of China caused head over the effectiveness of the previous launched workshops and made ASEAN members realized that China insisted on unilateral means to solve the problem. ASEAN responded to Chinas claims with the ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea issued in the same year. The Declaration emphasized the need to resolve all sovereignty and jurisdictional issues pertaining to the South China Sea by peaceful meanswithout resort to force and it urged all parties to exercise constraint25. It has been pointed out that ASEAN has claimed some supremacy by placing the dispute on the agenda of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) with the support of intense lobbying26. At the same time, ASEAN has been criticized for failing to negotiate codes of conduct in that China continued to carry on its bilateral symmetry with Vietnam in 1993 and Philippines in 199527. However, in a bigger picture, it made clear that all ASEAN members has developed a respect for the codes of conduct enshrined in the 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation on issues relating to peaceful settlement of conflicts and the non-use of force.Evolution of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)The ASEAN Summit of 1992 declared that ASEAN shall seek avenues to engage Member States in new areas of cooperation in security matters, therefore, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) was established in 1993 which serves as a multilateral consultative forum aimed at promoting preventive diplomacy and confidence building among the states in the Asia-Pacific region28. Through the ARF, ASEAN hoped to create regional order based on its own norms as well as the new norm of inclusiveness which is essential to cooperative security29. In this content, the ARF provided a test of ASEANs norms as the membership of ARF included all the major powers of the internat ional system whereby the regional order in this region would also base on the inclusive approach meaning that the major powers would engage in the management of regional order.In 1995, the Philippines discovered the incident of devilment Reef by China while ASEAN responded by issuing a joint statement criticizing China30. It seems this stand of ASEAN fulfils the idea of community, however, it is only a partial fulfillment due to the fact that the ASEAN members have different interpretations of the conflict. ASEAN consensus is always revolved around the norms of peaceful settlement of conflict which is being seen as the guarantee for stability.However, they did not severalize with the position of the Philippines, for instance, Thailand considered the dispute as bilateral and not a dispute between ASEAN and China. Again, the event actually put a test on the ASEAN members ability to come up with a collective position. As Malik comments on the future of the Southeast Asia regionalism , he points out that to maintainpeace in the region, it is not only founded on the stability of a balance but is sourced in a sense of shared aspirations and common destiny31. In view of this, the lack of consensus among ASEAN member states indicated their unwillingness to demand standards of behaviour from China which only reinforced the ASEANs partial fulfillment as a community.In general, the post-Cold War period has posed unleashing of conflicts in the Asia Pacific region which were effectively suppressed during the colonial era and the attendant period of superpower rivalry32. With the end of bipolarity, there is a greater potential of conflict. This paper has examined ASEANs behaviour in security affairs during the post-Cold War ear with the objective of assessing the validity of the idea of community. Many scholars have widely acknowledged ASEANs potential to become a regional security community from both within and outside the region. Snitwongse notes that although ASEAN ma y not be able to fully achieve self-reliance, its most prominent achievement has been community building33.Simon claims that ASEAN is perhaps a security community in which no member would consider the use of force against each other to settle disputes34. In the aftermath of the end of Cold War, the absence of war among the ASEAN members is indeed being recognized by many as a great achievement. ground on the discussion of this paper, it has proved that ASEAN has developed some of the attributes of what Adler and Barnett call it as a nascent security community where a number of triggering mechanisms including threat perceptions, shared identity and organizational emulation are present. later on three decades of progress in promoting peaceful intra-regional order, ASEAN faced its greatest challenge since the end of Cold War as the current regional security environment remains in a state of uncertainty. Nonetheless, the prospect of a regional power vacuum implies the possibility of A SEANs further progress while the interrogative remains whether ASEAN itself can fill the security gap by mobilizing its collective diplomatic and political resources.BibliographyAcharya, A., A New Regional Order In South-East Asia ASEAN in the Post-ColdWar Era, planetary Institute for strategical Studies, Adelphi Paper 279, London, 1993Acharya, A., Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia ASEAN and the problem of regional order, London, 2001Adler, E Barnett, M., A framework for the study of security communities, in Adler, E. Barnett, M (eds.) Security Communities, Cambridge, 1998ASEAN Secretariat, ASEAN An Overview, Jakarta, 1995Buszynski, L., Declining Superpowers The Impact on ASEAN, Pacific Review, 3/3, 1990Buzan, B., People, States and Fear An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era, New York, 1991Catley, B. Keliat, M., Spratlys The Dispute in the South China Sea, Aldershot, 1997Deutsch, K.W., Security Communities, in Rosenau, J (ed.) International Politics and Foreign Policy, New York, 1961Dewitt, D.B., Common, Comprehensive and concerted Security, Pacific Review, 7/1, 1994Haacke, J., Seeking Influence Chinas Diplomacy Toward ASEAN After the Asian Crisis, Asian Perspective, 26/4, 2002Hill, C., Theories of Foreign Policy do for the Developing Countries, in Clapham, C. (ed.) Foreign Policy Making in Developing States A Comparative Approach, Farnborough, 1977Hurell, A., Explaining the Resurgence of Regionalism in World Politics, Review of International Studies, 21/4, 1995Leifer, M., The ASEAN Regional Forum, Adelphi Paper 302, London, 1996Payne, A. Gamble A., Regionalism and World Order, London, 1996Simon, S., The Regionalization of Defence in Southeast Asia, Pacific Review, 5/2, 1992Snitwongse, K., Meeting the Challenges of Changing Southeast Asia, in Scalapino, R., Sato, S. Han, S.J. (eds.) Regional Dynamics Security, Political and Economic Issues in the Asia Pacific Region, Jakarta, 1990Tarling, N., Southeas t Asia A Modern History, Oxford, 2001Tow, W.T., Asia-Pacific Strategic Relations Seeking Convergent Security, New York, 2001Whiting, A.S., ASEAN Eyes China The Security Dimension, Asian Survey, 37/4, 1997Yalem, R.J., Regional Security Communities, in Keeton, G.W. Scharzenberger, G. (eds.) The Yearbook of International Affairs, London, 1979

Library and Its Uses Essay Example for Free

Library and Its Uses EssayThe root-meaning of the word program library is a room or building containing a collection of books for reading. But as there are flat circulating or travelling libraries in many countries, the world has undergone a change in its meaning. By the word now indicated a collection of books for reading or referenceDifferent kinds of librariesThere are kinds of libraries personal, public and institutional. ain library A personal library is one which belongs to a private person, gener anyy of sufficient means. such libraries grow out of such persons taste for knowledge and, manytimes, for fashion. There are, of course, small get over private libraries owned by solvent lawyers, educationists and persons of literary taste. But such libraries contain books on some particular subject or subjects chosen according to the taste and interest of their owners.Public library A public library is one which is open to the public. In order to cater to the taste and int erest of all classes of people, a public library has to contain books on different subjects and varieties. Such libraries may be seen in large numbers in every country. Most of these libraries are managed or subsidized by their states. The British Museum library of London and the Central library of Moscow are instances of public libraries. Again, many such libraries defend been set up in England and America by philanthropic people like Mr. Carnegie, the American millionaire. institutional libraryAn institutional library is one which belongs to an institution such as a university, a college, a school, a chamber of commerce, a club or a governmental department. Such a library is open to the members of the institution concerned and, therefore, generally contains hooks which are needed by them intimately.Importance of libraryAs acquisition of knowledge depends mostly on reading, man has to read as necessarily as he has to eat. It adds to what he has already learnt and makes him strong and fit for rude battle of life. But for financial difficulties most of the persons who are keen on reading cannot purchase the books they need to read. Hence arises the importance of libraries. Had there been no libraries, both public and institutional, such persons would have been deprived of their reading. The teachers and the students, in like manner, would be badly bear on if their institutions had no libraries of their own.ConclusionLibraries attract people to read and and thenly create the habit of reading and- father the thirst for more and more knowledge. But for the libraries, there would be no authors, no poets, and no thinkers. The libraries thus help in the advancement of learning and expansion of knowledge. The library has another very important use. No research work is possible without a well equipped library containing valuable books of all ages, exalted manuscripts and old records. A library of this type is thus of incalculable help in throwing light on uneart hed subjects. Time passes in an unbroken continuity as does the water of the river. The books of the libraries are a record of this continuity. They thus enable us to know how human society has developed in thought and action spirit by step.

Academic Summary Essay Example for Free

Academic Summary EssayIn the article, How unethical are you? , Banaji et al. (2003) analyse four factors that result in unethical decision taken by managers Implicit forms of prejudice, bias that favours ones deliver pigeonholing, a tendency to over claim credit, and conflict of interest. The authors believe that the implicit prejudice is an un informed judgment which originates from unintentional tendency to create relationships in the past. The implicit bias brings about social and economic make which may eliminate capable people from doing the right job. Another reason is a tendency that benefits members of a group. This happens when those in minority are treated differently and less supported by the larger group only because they are a small group. Unaware exaggeration of their avouch talents is another influencing factor in which individuals rate themselves highly competent and exaggerate ones own cooperation in the group. Wide ranging opinions is the next factor decl ared by the authors which can also distort coming to a fair decision.See more stateless satire essayA bias in which there is tendency toward people with the same or similar idea causes disagreements and lead to unintentional immoral attitudes. Banaji et. al claim that by putting the apprised mind into use and paying more careful attention, managers would be able to confine the power of their conscious mind. They propose collecting data, shaping the environment, and broadening the decision making as the three main solutions to organize conscious techniques. Banaji et. al point out that one way to decrease unintentional tendency is company information and making organized decisions.Moreover, they believe that implicit tendencies can be created by key signs in the environment. In order to reshape the existing bias, the person can put himself in an opposite place in which the typical bias is being doubted. Expanding decision-making is another solution proposed by the authors which is achieved by disregarding your own identity when making decisions that may benefit specific groups of people more than others. Finally the authors state that managers who believe that they are unbiased must question the hypothesis that they are objective.

After Wwi East Asia and North Merica Ap World History Essay Example for Free

After Wwi East Asia and North Merica Ap World memorial EssayAfter world struggle one East Asia and North America responded uniformly to economic growth and social structure, while taking opposite decisions concerning politics and international relations. Both countries grew economically delinquent to industrialism and their standard living improved by opting for western sandwich lifestyle. But japan was have-to doe with in war and with no thoughts of stopping while the United States was remaining protrude of it. To start with, United States and japan had similar ideas regarding their social structure. As the united stated was evolving in improving standard living, japan was moving towards western cultural values. In the United States womans rights and labor was beginning to be a everyday idea and even birth control comes into the picture. While in japan gender equality, freedom of fount and dignity of the individual where being embraced. All of this because broadcast o f men had to fight in war and multitude where needed to do work, women took a step and did it becoming not only efficient for working except also economically independent. In other words countries standard living was rising with more nation being comfortable with their way of living and not rebelling because of having more rights.More all over United States and japan had their discrimination regarding their international political position. While japan gets involved in war, the United States opts for isolationism. Although world war was over and japan had seen the deaths and devastation they decided to invade Manchuria a city in china and one course of study later invades Shanghai because of a minor conflict but also because Japanese where waiting for an acknowledgment to conquer china for resources, after the battle of Shanghai 22 major battles followed.Meanwhile the United States stayed in their side provoking little problems. Not forgetting to mention that Japan and war one . Like that the United States and japan where in opposite sides of the war after The Great War, japan inside and the united states outside. In accession United States and japan both grew economically after world war one because their industrialism. Both of them got involved in the war very late that gave them more advantage because they had more weapons. Also their industry grew allot making more weapons to export and also they had more manufacturing.As well the United States was giving out loans to countries that where in a bad shape after war. These made both countries economically grow and start economically superior from other countries. In conclusion the United States and japan where similar regarding social structure and economics, they had their differences in their decisions to enter war again. Even more important is what would happened next and that despite their similarities they would end up as rivals and fighting against each other. Was that really the right choice?

Social Networking Essay Example for Free

Social Networking proveA kindly earningsing service is an online service, platform, or site that foc uses on facilitating the building of social net industrial plant or social relations among people who, for example, sh ar interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life connections. There ar dating sites, friendship sites, sites with a contrast purpose and hybrids that offer a combination of these When it comes to online social networking, websites are commonly used. These websites are known as social sites. Social networking websites function like an online society of profit users. Depending on the website in question, many an(prenominal) of these online community members piece common interests in hobbies, religion, politics and alternative lifestyles. Once you are granted access to a social networking website you can begin to socialize.This socialization may include reading the profile pages of opposite members and possibly even get togethering them. A social netwo rk service consists of a representation of each user ( a great deal a profile), his/her social links, and a variety of additional services. Most social network services are web-based and come through means for users to interact over the Internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging. Online community services are sometimes considered as a social network service, though in a broader sense, social network service usu every last(predicate)y means an individual-centered service whereas online community services are group-centered.Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, activities, events, and interests within their individual networks. Social networking establishes interconnected Internet communities sometimes known as personal networks that service people make contacts that would be good for them to know, but that they would be unlikely to have met otherwise. In general, heres how it works you join one of the sites and invite people you know to join as well. Those people invite their contacts to join, who in turn invite their contacts to join, and the process repeats for each person. In theory, any individual can make contact through anyone they have a connection to, to any of the people that person has a connection to, and so on.The main types of social networking services includea) Facebook is the worlds largest social network, with more than 900million users. phiz Zuckerberg founded Facebook in 2004 while he was attending Harvard University.b) Google+, a social network operated by Google, Inc., launched on June 28th, 2011 with integrations across a number of Google products, including Buzz and Profiles. c) Twitter is a free microblogging service founded in 2006 by tar Dorsey and Biz Stone. At its heart are 140-character bursts of information called tweets. Users can include links to other capability in their tweets, and broadcasts can be public or private.d) YouTube was founded in February 2005 and has become the go-to site for video on the w eb. One hour of video is uploaded to YouTube every second.e) WhatsApp Messenger is a cross-platform instant messaging application ready(prenominal) only to the smartphones iPhone, BlackBerry, Android and Symbian. In addition to normal texting, WhatsApp Messenger users can send each other images, video and audio media messages, as well as engage in group conversations between sevenfold users.Social networking has some benefits for example you are able to make friends. Another one of those benefits includes diversity because the internet gives individuals from all around the world access to social networking sites. This means that although you are in the United States, you could larn an online friendship with someone in Kenya. Not only will you make sensitive friends, but you mediocre might learn a thing or two about freshly cultures or new languages and learning is always a good thing. Social networking too has some disadvantages associated with it, for example employers can u se information on social sites to learn about prospective employees.Reading profiles and perusing photos has become warning for human resources departments in some companies. Ones job search could be affected accordingly. Most of this sites are also addictive and this can affect your studies if you are student and affect your job if your are working. There are dangers associated with social networking including data theft and viruses, which are on the rise. The most prevalent danger though often involves online predators or individuals who claim to be someone that theyare not Social site trend is ontogenesis very first and currently we have cellphone application.The cellphone potential for socializing is growing all the time, and mobile features allow users to continue their experience when away from home, school or office. The GPS feature built into many smartphones adds the twist of knowing where friends are at any given moment. Social networking will remain relevant to those wh o are willing to continue learning as new techniques come out and also new services are developed. This is because looking at the current trend in technology there is a high speed growth in this field.

Causes of the 2008 Sovereign Debt Crisis in Europe

Causes of the 2008 Sovereign Debt Crisis in Europe hold forth the causes of the self-directed debt crisis in Europe since 2008 and critically analyse the proposed responses. It is important that you inform your arguments using academic literature. macrocosmThe European monarch butterfly debt crisis came to prominence in late 2009, when newly elected Greek Prime minister of religion George Papandreou announced that previous governing bodys had been distorting the surface areas dearth data (Nelson et al., 2012). A revision of the budget shortage forecast was revea conduct as 12.7% of GDP a valuation that was almost double the previous figure of 6.0% (Gibson et al. 2012). The reply to this was a fall in investor confidence, which caused sovereign bond yields to rhytidectomy to an all-time high (see addition 1). This wedge non unaccompanied Greece, but also other heavily indebted countries within the Eurozone identified as peripheral democracys (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Po rtugal and Spain).There is growing concern within the Eurozone that these periphery nations could ultimately default on their sovereign debt. European banks menstruumly hold a with child(p) portion of the regions government activity bonds (see adjunct 2) if one nation was to default on its sovereign debt payments it would cause financial pressure throughout the Eurozone (Constncio 2012). This is a kn own as financial contagion, a term described by Dornbusch (2000) as the spread of market shocks from one country to another. The fear of contagion has forced the European Central Bank (ECB) to bailout a number of the periphery nations however, this is not viewed as a sustainable practice. The aim of this essay is to identify the causes of the sovereign debt crisis and analyse the proposed responses by the European Union (EU).CausesA complex phenomenon, such as the sovereign debt crisis, is built up of a form of elements. Most analysts believe that the crisis was caused by structura l weaknesses present both at the European and national levels, on with factors specific to (Dombret 2013). The structure of the Eurozone is a key factor contributing to the current crisis. A structural deficit exists within the Eurozone with the fact that there is a single monetary policy and decentralised pecuniary policy. This creates an asymmetry as the monetary policy is controlled by the ECB, whereas individual outgrowth states are trusted to set their own revenues and expenditures (Lapavitsas et al. 2010). Given this imbalance, it has led to fiscal free-riding by the peripheral economies. These nations have had an increased incentive to borrow as the cost of debt is spread across the entire currency area.The Stability and Growth Pact was created to regulate fiscal expenditure, with one of its tenants being that annual government expenditure should not exceed 3% of GDP (see addition 3) however, ascribable to a lack of automatic sanctions, these rules have been universally broken, thus setting the pathway to the current crisis (Anand et al. 2012).The mispricing of sovereign risk and subsequent misuse of capital is also a significant factor that has led to the sovereign debt crisis. As the periphery prepared to join the Euro, their sovereign bond yields began converging with those of the core nations (see Appendix 4). This allowed the periphery access to substantial amounts of low-cost assurance, which traditionally, they had not experienced before. Voltz (2012) suggests that the sovereign risk of the periphery was mispriced by the capital markets, which has led to an unsustainable accumulation of private and public debt. In Greece, the inflow of capital financed excessive government spending, whilst in Ireland and Spain it led to conception of banking and real-estate bubbles. When capital markets tightened during the financial crisis of 2008, the unsustainability of these debts became apparent as the periphery struggled to finance its living sover eign debt. Moreover, the governments were forced to assume private sector debt as national banks declined and speculative bubbles burst necessitating large bailout packages (Nelson et al. 2012).The Eurozone created an illusionary sense of prosperity. Lin (2012) explains that the sense of prosperity was illusionary as there was a progressive red of competiveness of the periphery in relation to the core. This loss of competitiveness was partly a result of sharp remuneration rises in the non-core countries, leading to large current account deficits (Lapavitsas 2012). These deficits were funded by sovereign debt, with most of the debt being held by the cores banks a key factor in increasing contagion risk. Historically, nations running a current account deficit would devalue their currency in order to improve their position (Simkovic 2011) however, due to the monetary policy inflexibility within the Eurozone this is not possible.A culmination of the factors mentioned above has resul ted in a huge fall in investor confidence, marked by a decrease in available credit (see Appendix 5). Due to the high levels of high risk sovereign debt, Standard Poor has downgraded the credit ratings of a number of Eurozone nations. To regain global confidence, the EU must cater a strategy that will face the central issues present within the Eurozone.ResponsesThe immediate response from the EU has been to create financial firewalls. These have been in the form of rescue mechanisms, such as the EFSF (2010-2013) ESM (2012+), which have the ability to buy sovereign debt, recapitalise banks and provide bailout packages to the Eurozone nations (Thesing 2011). However, this is a short term solution to a long term problem. Regling (2012), CEO of EFSF, has stated that the mechanisms should only be used to buy time while the root causes are eliminated. This calls for responses aimed at reducing government debts and deficits, as well as structural reforms at European and national level s.A favoured approach by national governments to contain their finances has been an implementation of fiscal integration. Aca (2013) defines fiscal consolidation as policies that cut budget deficits and reduce public debt levels. The ECB and IMF have been aiding nations with the design, implementation and supervision of these policy reforms. Fiscal consolidation has, so far, proven to be a success, with Irelands sovereign bond yields falling from 11.8% to 3.5%. Undoubtedly, this route of nonindulgence carries negative implications. As well as the social costs involved, fiscal consolidation is known to swig economic growth (Anand 2012). To regain investor confidence, the fiscal policies need to be coupled with national structural reforms aimed at increasing competitiveness (Dombret 2013). Ireland and Spain have both reduced their current account deficits through the use of these reforms (see Appendix 6), highlighting that the periphery must embrace this strategy.As we have discussed , the lack of fiscal control and commandment was a major(ip) factor in the birth of the sovereign debt crisis. To rectify this problem there has been major responses a European level. A new reform of the Stability Growth Pact, known as the fiscal compact, was created in 2011 with the aim of providing enhanced coordination in fiscal and economic policy within the Eurozone (Regling 2012). This reform ensures member states adhere to the 3% deficit and 60% debt-to-gdp rules of the Maastricht Treaty, through the creation of an automatic sanction procedure. A yearbook review of Member States budgetary and structural policies, known as the European Semester, has also been put into answer (Bowler 2013). These structural reforms will help put government finances on track. However, it does not address the underlying issue that member states are trusted to set their own fiscal budgets. To address this issue, analysts have called for the creation of a European fiscal merger. Weidmann (2012 ) believes that a fiscal union provides the cornerstone of framework for the monetary union. To achieve this, it would require deeper political integration within the Eurozone this would necessitate legislative changes at both the European and national level.Accomplishing the required level of political integration, with the 18 member-states, would be a near-impossible task due to the irrelevant agendas and ideals (Feust 2012). Hence, if they structural deficits within the Eurozone are to be fixed, these nations will need to work collectively.A current event of debate has been to do with the potential introduction of so called Eurobonds, where bonds are issued on a European expect and finances distributed accordingly. While the introduction of these bonds would send a statement of commitment to the Euro (Nelson et al. 2012), the incentive to increase debt would rise as the liability would be spread across the member-nations. This would result in a case of the core, again, paid f or the actions of the periphery.ConclusionNevertheless, the European sovereign debt crisis remains a growing problem for the global economy. I line up the elemental decision that needs to be made is whether the euro should be brought closer together, or whether it would be stovepipe for the future of the Eurozone to sever ties with the periphery. Although fracturing the euro is a radical response, it may be the only way to curb the nemesis financial contagion poses. Regardless of the decision made, the European sovereign debt crisis has exposed dangers of fiscal recklessness, and should serve as a lesson to future economists, governments and monetary unions (Sandoval et al. 2011).Reference ListAca, S. Deniz, I. (2013),Fiscal Consolidation and the Cost of Credit depict from Syndicated Loans . IMF Working PaperOnline. forthcoming athttp//www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp1336.pdf(Accessed 2th February 2014).Anand, M. R., Gupta, G. L., Dash, R. (2012),The euro zone crisis I ts dimensions and implications. Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), Minsitry of Finance, India.Online. functional athttp//mof.gov.in/WorkingPaper/euro_zone_crisis.pdf(Accessed 10th February 2014).Constncio, V. (2012), Contagion and the European debt crisis, monetary Stability Review,(no(prenominal) 16), pp. 110.Dornbusch, R., Park, Y. C. Claessens, S. (2000), Contagion Understanding How It Spreads,World Bank Res Obs,Vol. 15(No. 2), pp. 177-197.Dombret, A. (2011),Europes sovereign debt crisis causes and possible solutions,Available athttp//www.bis.org/review/r120111b.pdf(Accessed 4th February 2014).Dombret, A. (2013),The European Sovereign Debt Crisis Past, Present and Future,Available athttp//www.bundesbank.de/Redaktion/EN/Reden/2013/2013_08_26_dombret.html(Accessed seventh February 2014).Fuest, C. Peichl, A. (2012),European Fiscal Union What Is It? Does It Work? And Are There Really No Alternatives?. IZA polity Paper No. 39Online. Available athttp//ftp.iza.org/pp39.pdf(Acce ssed 3rd February 2014).Gibson, H. D., Hall, S.G. Tavlas, G. S. (2011),The Greek financial crisis growing imbalances and sovereign spreads. Working Papers 124Online. Available athttp//www.bankofgreece.gr/BogEkdoseis/Paper2011124.pdf(Accessed 1st February 2014).Lapavitsas, C., Kaltenbrunner, A., Lindo, D., Michell, J., Painceira, J. P., Pires, E., Powell, J., Stenfors, A. Teles, N. (2010), Eurozone crisis beggar thyself and thy neighbour,Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies,Volume 12(Issue 4), pp. 312-373 Online. Available athttp//researchonmoneyandfinance.org/media/reports/eurocrisis/fullreport.pdf(Accessed 8th February 2014).Lin, J. Y. Treichel, V. (2012),The Crisis in the Eurozone,Available athttp//www.worldfinancialreview.com/?p=2303(Accessed 6th February 2014).Lapavitsas, C. (2012),Crisis in the Eurozone, New York Verso Books.Nelson, R. M., Belkin, P., Mix, D. E. Weiss, M. A. (2012),The Eurozone Crisis Overview and Issues for Congress. US Congressional Research suffic e ReportsOnline. Available athttp//www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42377.pdf(Accessed 8th February 2014).Regling, K. (2012),Europes Response to the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. Anders Chydenius Free interchange SeminarOnline. Available athttp//www.efsf.europa.eu/attachments/20120608_speech regling_anders_chydenius_seminar_kokkola_en.pdf(Accessed 2nd February 2014).Sandoval, L., Beltran, E., Ulziikhutag, S. Zorigt, T. (2011),The European Sovereign Debt Crisis Responses to the Financial Crisis. New Voices In Public Policy Vol. 5Online. Available atwww.journals.gmu.edu/index.php/newvoices/article/download/4/4(Accessed 4th February 2014).Somkovic, M. (2011),Bankruptcy Immunities, Transparency, and Capital Structure,Available athttp//siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTGILD/Resources/Jan11-FC-Simkovic.pdf(Accessed 6th February 2014).Thesing, G. (2011),European pull through Fund May Buy Bonds, Recapitalize Banks, ECBs Stark Says,Available athttp//www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-22/ecb-s-stark-sa ys-rescue-fund-may-buy-bonds-recapitalize-banks.html(Accessed 9th February 2014).Voltz, U. (2012),Lessons of the European Crisis for Regional Monetary and Financial Integration in East Asia. ADBI Working Paper SeriesOnline. Available athttp//www.adbi.org/files/2012.02.21.wp347.lessons.european.crisis.east.asia.pdf(Accessed 3rd February 2014).Weidmann, J. (2012),Everything flows? The future habit of monetary policy,Available athttp//www.bundesbank.de/Redaktion/EN/Reden/2012/2012_06_14_weidmann_everything_flows_the_future_role_of_monetary_policy.html(Accessed 4th February 2014).